RV data for Gliese 12

Small temperate planets are prime targets for exoplanet studies due to their possible similarities with the rocky planets in the Solar System. M dwarfs are promising hosts since the planetary signals are within our current detection capabilities. Gliese 12 b is a Venus-sized temperate planet orbiting a quiet M dwarf. We present here the first precise mass measurement of this small exoplanet. We performed a detailed analysis using HARPS-N, ESPRESSO, and CARMENES radial velocities, along with new and archival TESS, CHEOPS, and MuSCAT2/3 photometry data. From fitting the available data, we find that the planet has a radius of Rp=0.93+/-0.06R_Earth_ and a mass of Mp=0.95^+0.29^-0.30_M_Earth (a 3.2-sigma measurement of the semi-amplitude K=0.67+/-0.21m/s), and is on an orbit with a period of 12.761418^+0.000060^_-0.000055_d. A variety of techniques were utilised to attenuate stellar activity signals. Gliese 12 b has an equilibrium temperature of Teq=317+/-8K, assuming an albedo of zero, and a density consistent with that of Earth and Venus {rho}=6.4+/-2.4g/cm^3^. We find that Gliese 12 b has a predominantly rocky interior and simulations indicate that it is unlikely to have retained any of its primordial gaseous envelope. The bulk properties of Gliese 12 b place it in an extremely sparsely populated region of both mass-radius and density-Teq parameter space, making it a prime target for follow-up observations, including Lyman-alpha studies.

Identifier
Source https://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/lp/custom/CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/545/F1703
Related Identifier https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/MNRAS/545/F1703
Related Identifier https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/MNRAS/545/F1703
Metadata Access http://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/pmh/pubreg.xml?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_b2find&identifier=ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/MNRAS/545/F1703
Provenance
Creator Turner D.A.; Eschen Y.N.E.; Murgas F.; Mortier A.; Wilson T.G.,Fernandez Fernandez J.; Gromek N.; Morello G.; Tabernero H.M.; Egger J.A.,Vissapragada S.; Caballero J.A.; Dreizler S.; Freckelton A.V.; Hatzes A.P.,Lakeland B.S.; Nagel E.; Naponiello L.; Vanaverbeke S.; Venner A.,Zapatero Osorio M.R.; Amado P.J.; Bejar V.J.S.; Bonomo A.S.; Buchhave L.A.,Collier Cameron A.; Carleo I.; Chaturvedi P.; Cloutier R.; Damasso M.,Daspute M.; Dholakia S.; Dufoer S.; Dumusque X.; Martinez Fiorenzano A.F.,Ghedina A.; Harutyunyan A.; Herrero E.; John A.A.; Lillo-Box J.; Lodieu N.,Lopez-Morales M.; Malavolta L.; Mancini L.; Mantovan G.; Montes D.,Morales J.C.; Nicholson B.; Orell-Miquel J.; Palethorpe L.; Palle E.,Quirrenbach A.; Reffert S.; Reiners A.; Ribas I.; Rice K.; Silva A.M.,
Publisher CDS
Publication Year 2026
Rights https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html
OpenAccess true
Contact CDS support team <cds-question(at)unistra.fr>
Representation
Resource Type Dataset; AstroObjects
Discipline Astrophysics and Astronomy; Exoplanet Astronomy; Natural Sciences; Observational Astronomy; Physics; Solar System Astronomy; Stellar Astronomy