GJ 3998 RVs, SMW and Halpha indexes

The low masses of M dwarfs create attractive opportunities for exoplanet radial-velocity (RV) detections. These stars, however, exhibit strong stellar activity that may attenuate or mimic planetary signals. We present a velocimetric analysis on one such M dwarf, GJ 3998 (d=18.2pc), with two published short-period super-Earths: GJ 3998 b and GJ 3998 c. We use additional data from the HARPS-N spectrograph to confirm these two planets and to look for more. We carry out joint modelling of: (i) RV planetary signals, (ii) stellar rotation in RV and activity indicators through Gaussian processes, (iii) long-term trends in RV and activity indicators. We constrain the rotational period of GJ 3998 to Prot=30.2+/-0.3d and discover long-term sinusoidal imprints in RV and FWHM of period Pcyc=316^+14^-8_d. We confirm GJ 3998 b and GJ 3998 c, and detect a third planet: GJ 3998 d, whose signal had been previously attributed to stellar activity. GJ 3998 d has an orbital period of 41.78+/-0.05d, a minimum mass of 6.07^+1.00^-0.96_M_{Earth} and a mean insolation flux of 1.2^+0.3^-0.2_{PHI}{Earth}. This makes it one of the few known planets receiving Earth-like insolation flux.

Identifier
Source https://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/lp/custom/CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/695/A62
Related Identifier https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/695/A62
Related Identifier https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/695/A62
Metadata Access http://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/pmh/pubreg.xml?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_b2find&identifier=ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/695/A62
Provenance
Creator Stefanov A.K.; Suarez Mascareno A.; Gonzalez Hernandez J.I.; Nari N.,Rebolo R.; Affer L.; Micela G.; Ribas I.; Sozzetti A.; Perger M.,Pinamonti M.; Damasso M.; Maldonado J.; Gonzalez Alvarez E.; Scandariato G.
Publisher CDS
Publication Year 2025
Rights https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html
OpenAccess true
Contact CDS support team <cds-question(at)unistra.fr>
Representation
Resource Type Dataset; AstroObjects
Discipline Astrophysics and Astronomy; Exoplanet Astronomy; Interdisciplinary Astronomy; Natural Sciences; Observational Astronomy; Physics; Stellar Astronomy