The data analyzed in this study originates from the site of Castelo Velho de Safara (Portugal) and comprises a variety of amphora and fine ware ceramic fragments from its Roman Republican period of occupation. These ceramics were documented through illustrations, photographs, and qualitative analysis. This dataset comprises a total of 462 ceramic fragments, each accompanied by descriptive metadata. The data provides detailed information on the context of discovery, origin, dimensions, presence or absence of varnish, condition, and other relevant attributes. By making this dataset publicly available, it serves as a resource for future research on Roman ceramic and their archaeological contexts.