Understanding the molecular mechanism and genomic regions associated with aerobic adaptation is of paramount importance to design improvement strategies especially for water availability and uptake. To get deeper insights on the molecular mechanism of aerobic adaptation in rice, RNA-seq analysis of root and shoot i.e. developing panicle tissues at panicle initiation stage in two cultivars aerobic adapted (CR Dhan 202) vis-à-vis a traditional transplanted anaerobic (BPT 5204) genotypes was performed under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.