This dataset provides comprehensive information on all laws passed by Spain's autonomous parliaments from 1980 to 2021, specifying whether each law was challenged by the Spanish Government in the Constitutional Court. Additionally, it includes data on the type of government at both the regional and central levels at the time of each constitutional challenge, as well as the governing party names at these levels. The dataset further incorporates variables capturing partisan preferences along the left-right and center-periphery axes, as defined by the Party Manifesto Project and the Regional Manifesto Project.