This dataset compiles information on the macroalgae, invertebrates (sponges, cnidarians, siphonophores, molluscs, crustaceans and tunicates) and fishes collected during the ABRACOS 1 (29 September–21 October 2015) and ABRACOS 2 (8 April–9 May 2017) expeditions along the northeastern Brazilian margin (approximately 3°S to 9°S and 35°W to 31°W), encompassing the continental shelf, the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Rocas Atoll, and adjacent seamounts. Three types of trawl gear were employed: (1) bottom trawl (body mesh: 40 mm; cod-end mesh: 25 mm; entrance dimensions: 28 × 10 m); (2) mesopelagic trawl (body mesh: 30 mm; cod-end mesh: 4 mm; net mouth: 16.6 × 8.4 m); and (3) micronekton trawl (body mesh: 40 mm; cod-end mesh: 10 mm; net mouth: 24 × 24 m). Bottom trawls were conducted at depths ranging from 10 to 60 meters, while pelagic trawls targeted depths between 10 and 1100 meters. All gear types were deployed during both day and night operations. The dataset includes records of approximately 21,254 specimens, representing 16 classes, 86 orders, 218 families, 400 genera, and 512 species. For most specimens, complete taxonomic identifications, georeferenced coordinates, and sampling depths are provided. Morphometric data are also available for several specimens. The dataset has been organised into 3 categories of files: 1. A global species list including 691 taxa with their complete taxonomy:     -> Demersal_Deep_Pelagic_Species_List_Abracos.csv 2. For each survey, the description of all fishing operations:     -> Demersal_Deep_Pelagic_Survey_Station_Abracos1.csv    -> Demersal_Deep_Pelagic_Survey_Station_Abracos2.csv 3. For each survey, the biological information collected for every organism:     -> Demersal_Deep_Pelagic_Biological_Data_Abracos1.csv    -> Demersal_Deep_Pelagic_Biological_Data_Abracos2.csv