Ultraviolet spectroscopy of MWC 656

The Galactic Be star binary MWC 656 was long considered the only known Be star +black hole (BH) system, making it a critical benchmark for models of massive binary evolution and for the expected X-ray emission of Be+BH binaries. However, recent dynamical measurements cast doubt on the presence of a BH companion. We present new multi-epoch ultraviolet spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope, combined with high-resolution optical spectra, to reassess the nature of the companion. The far-ultraviolet spectra reveal high-ionisation features -- including prominent NV and HeII lines -- which are absent in the spectra of normal Be stars and are indicative of a hot, luminous companion. Spectral modelling shows that these features cannot originate from the Be star or from an accretion disc around a compact object. Instead, we find that the data are best explained by a hot (T_eff_~85kK), compact, hydrogen-deficient star with strong wind signatures, consistent with an intermediate-mass stripped star. Our revised orbital solution and composite spectroscopic modelling yield a companion mass of M_2_=1.48^+0.55^-0.46_M{sun}_, definitively ruling out a BH and disfavouring a white dwarf. MWC 656 thus joins the growing class of Be+stripped star binaries. The system's unusual properties -- including a high companion temperature and wind strength -- extend the known parameter space of such binaries. The continued absence of confirmed OBe+BH binaries in the Galaxy highlights a growing tension with population synthesis models.

Identifier
Source https://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/lp/custom/CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/708/A187
Related Identifier https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/708/A187
Related Identifier https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A187
Metadata Access http://dc.g-vo.org/rr/q/pmh/pubreg.xml?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=oai_b2find&identifier=ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/708/A187
Provenance
Creator Mueller-Horn J.; Ramachandran V.; El-Badry K.; Sander A.A.C.,Bodensteiner J.; Gies D.R.; Goetberg Y.; Rivinius T.; Shenar T.,Schoesser E.C.; Wang L.; Bieryla A.; Buchhave L.A.; Latham D.W.
Publisher CDS
Publication Year 2026
Rights https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html
OpenAccess true
Contact CDS support team <cds-question(at)unistra.fr>
Representation
Resource Type Dataset; AstroObjects
Discipline Astrophysics and Astronomy; Interdisciplinary Astronomy; Natural Sciences; Observational Astronomy; Physics; Stellar Astronomy