Data refers to Spanish youth (20-34 years old) interviewed in February 2023. The questionnaire has been developed to explore precariousness among youth and its impact on mental health, using the WHO5 scale to measure the risk of depression/anxiety. The original dataset comprises 3.012 interviews, including the entire territory of Spain (except Ceuta and Melilla). The sample is a non-probabilistic quota sample, with the following variables used to identify the strata: gender, age, migrant background and urban/rural divide. 210 questionnaires were collected face-to-face in deprived neighbourhoods in Catalunya to ensure sufficient representativity of the most vulnerable youth, usually more difficult to reach in online surveys. The other interviews were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire, which took, on average, 16 minutes to complete.