These data originate from a field survey in early August 2018 in the Teshekpuk Lake region on the Alaskan North Slope. We sampled surface sediment in drained lake basins. Active layer thickness was measured in the field. Sediment samples were analyzed for water content, dry bulk density, soil organic carbon stocks 0-3 cm, total organic carbon contents, total nitrogen contents, stable carbon isotopes (δ13C), stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15N), and sediment methane concentrations. All analyses were conducted in AWI laboratories in Potsdam, Bremerhaven and Helgoland.