Recent observations from Herschel allow the identification of important mechanisms responsible both for the heating of the gas that surrounds low-mass protostars and for its subsequent cooling in the far-infrared. Shocks are routinely invoked to reproduce some properties of the far-IR spectra, but standard models fail to reproduce the emission from key molecules, e.g., H_2_O. Here, we present the Herschel Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) far-IR spectroscopy of 90 embedded low-mass protostars (Class 0/I). The Herschel-PACS spectral maps, covering ~55-210{mu}m with a field of view of ~50", are used to quantify the gas excitation conditions and spatial extent using rotational transitions of H_2_O, high-J CO, and OH, as well as [OI] and [CII]. We confirm that a warm (~300K) CO reservoir is ubiquitous and that a hotter component (760+/-170K) is frequently detected around protostars. The line emission is extended beyond ~1000au spatial scales in 40/90 objects, typically in molecular tracers in Class 0 and atomic tracers in Class I objects. High-velocity emission (>~90km/s) is detected in only 10 sources in the [OI] line, suggesting that the bulk of [OI] arises from gas that is moving slower than typical jets. Line flux ratios show an excellent agreement with models of C-shocks illuminated by ultraviolet (UV) photons for pre-shock densities of ~10^5^cm^-3^ and UV fields 0.1-10 times the interstellar value. The far-IR molecular and atomic lines are a unique diagnostic of feedback from UV emission and shocks in envelopes of deeply embedded protostars.

Cone search capability for table J/ApJS/235/30/protostars (Luminosities and bolometric temperatures of embedded protostars (Table 1) and rotational temperatures and numbers of emitting molecules (Table 3) and total luminosities (Table 4))