The dataset gathers information on 16016 individuals Aphis gossypii/Aphis frangulae collected in 17 countries from 1989 to 2019 from all continents. Aphids collected were either apterous (10177), winged (5654) or eggs (15). They were collected on 19 plant families or in traps deposited in melon fields.

For each individual, primary data collected are country with GPS position (aphids were collected in the 10 km around this position, except in Australia where aphids were collected up to 70 km from this position), date, morph, host plant or trap. For each aphid collected the second type of data consists in the allelic composition at 8 microsatellites and its corresponding MultiLocus Genotype name, and last the probability of assignation to a genetic group given by a Bayesian analysis.