The dataset consists of 36,526 images of the obverse and reverse sides of 18,269 archaeological coins. Images were produced through photography and scanning artefacts in the Archaeological Research Collections of Tallinn University and the Archaeological Collection of the University of Tartu, as part of the KUM-TA4 project. The dataset contains 19 different coin types. The dataset can be used for archaeological and numismatic research as well as for machine learning experiments.