This dataset includes hourly measurements of seston properties (total particulate matter – TPM, particulate organic matter – POM, particulate inorganic matter – PIM, and organic content of seston – OCS), oyster biodeposits (feces and pseudofeces), and feeding rates of Crassostrea gigas (clearance, filtration, ingestion, rejection, and absorption rates). Data were collected during five field experiments conducted at two oyster farms in southern Brazil using a flow-through chamber system. These data support the development of a feeding model for C. gigas under natural seston conditions and are useful for studies on oyster physiology, biodeposition, and aquaculture carrying capacity.