This dataset comprises soil chemical and mineralogical data of the moraine soil chronosequences from Sustenpass and Klausenpass in the Swiss Alps. The chronosequences span from 30 to 10,000 yrs (Sustenpass, siliceous parent material) and from 110 to 13,500 yrs (Klausenpass, calcareous parent material), respectively. Parameters include: pH (CaCl2), loss on ignition (LOI, 550°C), Corg, N. Elemental contents (measured by X-ray Fluorescence, XRF ) and calculated tau (open-system mass transport function) and mass balances for Na, Al, Mg, Si, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe. Lastly, the bulk mineralogy of the fine earth (measured by X-ray Diffraction, XRD). Sampling was conducted in August/September 2017 at Sustenpass and Klausenpass and was part of the HILLSCAPE (Hillslope Chronosequence and Process Evolution) project's sampling campaign. pH, LOI and XRF measurements were conducted in 2017/2018 at the University of Zurich (Switzerland), the mineralogy was measured in 2020 at ETH Zurich (Switzerland), Corg and N were measured in 2020 at the University of Zurich. The calculations of the open-system mass transport function and mass balances were performed in 2021 at the University of Zurich. These data were collected to elucidate soil development in siliceous and calcareous parent materials in order to better understand the evolution of hillslope processes over time. They were described and discussed in detail in Musso et al. 2022 (doi:10.3390/geosciences12020099). For hydrological or geobotanical data from the same chronosequences, see for instance the publications of F. Maier (doi:10.1029/2021WR030223, doi:10.1029/2021WR030221, doi:10.1016/j.catena.2019.104353), K. Greinwald (doi:10.1080/15230430.2020.1859720, doi:10.1111/jvs.12993) and A. Hartmann (doi:10.5194/hess-2020-28, doi:10.5194/essd-12-3189-2020).