During the BICOSE 2 cruise in 2018 on board RV Pourquoi Pas ? (Cambon-Bonavita 2018, https://doi.org/10.17600/18000004), alvinocaridid shrimps were sampled at two deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields: TAG and Snake Pit (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Size, sex, developmental stage and brooding status of 5214 individuals belonging to Rimicaris exoculata and Rimicaris chacei were determined. Samples were preserved in ethanol or in formalin (followed by water washing and storage in ethanol) on board, then brought back to the laboratory for processing. They were analysed at the LEP (Laboratoire Environnement Profond, Ifremer, Centre de Bretagne, France; https://wwz.ifremer.fr/deep_eng/). Results of the analysis of the dataset are published in Marine Ecology Progress Series, 684, 1-20. Publisher's official version : https://doi.org/10.3354/meps13986, Open Access version : https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00752/86404/. The dataset consists of two files: one containing the data itself, and one describing all used terms (measurements or metadata).