The data set includes all the UV-Vis spectra, micro-XRD patterns, FIB-FE-SEM images and the corresponding chemical profiles and all the ceramic fragments pictures and optical images of a collection of polychrome luster wares, Abbasid caliphate 9th century AD. The samples include ALX242, ALX244, ALX245 part of the Kaczmarczyk collection, now at the Ashmolean Museum, P51, p717 and p624 part of the collection of luster samples of the Ashmolean Museum. They display different colors: green, red, brown and ochre which have been fully analysed