We present an 870{mu}m continuum survey of 300 protostars from the Herschel Orion Protostar Survey using the Atacama Compact Array (ACA). These data measure protostellar flux densities on envelope scales <=8000au (20") and resolve the structure of envelopes with 1600au (4") resolution, a factor of 3-5 improvement in angular resolution over existing single-dish 870{mu}m observations. We compare the ACA observations to Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 12m array observations at 870{mu}m with ~0.1" (40au) resolution. Using the 12m data to measure the fluxes from disks and the ACA data within 2500au to measure the combined disk plus envelope fluxes, we calculate the 12m/ACA 870{mu}m flux ratios. Our sample shows a clear evolution in this ratio. Class 0 protostars are mostly envelope-dominated with ratios <0.5. In contrast, Flat Spectrum protostars are primarily disk-dominated with ratios near 1, although with a number of face-on protostars dominated by their envelopes. Class I protostars span the range from envelope to disk-dominated. The increase in ratio is accompanied by a decrease in the envelope fluxes and estimated mass infall rates. We estimate that 80% of the mass is accreted during the envelope-dominated phase. We find that the 12m/ACA flux ratio is an evolutionary indicator that largely avoids the inclination and foreground extinction dependence of spectral energy distribution-based indicators.

Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/944/49/hops (Source properties (Table 1) and analysis-derived properties (Table 2))