More than 55 samples of permafrost meltwater, beach groundwater, seawater, lake water and massive ice were collected along the coastal area of the Beaufort Sea to characterize the origin and the fate of the newly mobilized dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by thawing permafrost in the continent-sea continuum. The samples were collected, during the summer of 2019 and 2021, from several coastal bluffs transects up to 1–2 km from the shoreline. Permafrost meltwater was collected from ponds on permafrost slumps, beach groundwater was pumped from the ground (~50 cm deep) in the intertidal zone, seawater was pumped in the bay in front of coastal bluffs, lake water was collected in a lake close to the study site and massive ice was collected under the active layer and thawed at ambient temperature. Physicochemical parameters (pH, salinity, oxygen saturation, and temperature) as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved iron concentrations were measured for most of the samples. Optical analyses were performed using a spectrophotometer and a spectrofluorometer to measure the chromophoric fraction of DOM at different wavelengths (CDOM254, CDOM350, CDOM375), the SUVA (Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance), BIX (Biological index), FI (Fluorescence Index), HIX (Humification index) and SR (Slope Ratio). Additionally, a PARAFAC model was built and five major optical components (C1: Terrestrial humic-like high molecular weight, C2: Protein-like (tyrosine) microbial low molecular weight, C3: Protein-like (tryptophan), C4: Terrestrial humic-like visible range, and C5: Microbial humic-like) were extracted and identified based on the literature. This data was collected as part of the International Permafrost Research Program, Nunataryuk.