This dataset accompanies the study “Raw vs Roasted: Reconstructing Early Human Butchery Practices of Terrapins and Tortoises” by Nabais et al (2025) and documents the experimental processing of six chelonid specimens under raw and roasted conditions. The dataset includes detailed records of anatomical identification, processing condition (raw or roasted), bone surface modifications (cut marks, percussion marks, burning), fracture morphology and element completeness. Chelonid taxa include Testudo hermanni, Graptemys ouachitensis and Mauremys cf. reevesii. Each specimen was systematically examined to record taphonomic variables that reflect early human subsistence behaviours, with particular attention to differences in fragmentation patterns, thermal impact and lithic tool use. This structured database is designed to facilitate comparative archaeological and experimental studies, providing a foundation for recognising anthropogenic modifications on chelonid remains in prehistoric contexts. The dataset is hosted in the CORA repository for open access and reuse.