The parents of Giuliano married in July 1943 in a small village where the mother hailed from. She was an English teacher, having pursued her education during the fascist era of the 1930s. Despite facing challenges due to international sanctions against Italy, she managed to secure a scholarship to study in England in 1935, fostering her anti-fascist sentiments through exposure to British culture and values. This anti-fascist stance, combined with the family's non-fascist background, influenced Giuliano’s upbringing.
He harbored a belief that there was much to learn and discover from these nations, influenced by the Italian term "esterofilo," which denotes feeling somewhat ashamed of one's Italian identity and harboring an inferiority complex towards more advanced and culturally mature countries.
In 1965, Giuliano’s girlfriend participated in a town-twinning exchange program in Neath, Wales. Intrigued, Giuliano joined the Udinese youth association to accompany his friend to Schiedam for another exchange.
Upon meeting his host, they quickly formed a comfortable rapport. However, there was some tension regarding the formal relations between the two groups, with leaders being criticized for their overly formal and serious attitude. Despite this, there was a common sense of representing their town, Udine, and a desire to make a positive impression.
Giuliano recounts his involvement with friends from the Federalist European Movement. Despite respecting and liking these individuals, Giuliano, who leaned towards left-wing ideologies, initially viewed the federalist movement as less progressive compared to the working class movement. Their perception of Europe was primarily as a commercial and customs union rather than a united continent. They as young people where at the advantage of being already more similar to one and another. A part of their youth culture was already a common culture.
Giuliano reflects on a change in his perspective due to cultural changes of the 1960s, which influenced his generation's worldview. Initially critical of initiatives like town-twinning and the common market, he now sees their importance as precursors to later social movements and progress. He acknowledges that previous generations' efforts were reasonable and beneficial, even though they once viewed them as inadequate.
INTEGRATION OF WESTERN EUROPE AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR was driven by a broad movement aimed at peace, security and prosperity. Organized youth exchange between European cities formed an important part of that movement. This research focuses on young people who, from the 1960s onwards, participated in international exchanges organised by twinned towns, also called jumelage. Friends in a Cold Climate asks about the interactions between young people while taking into account the organisational structures on a municipal level, The project investigates the role of the ideology of a united West-Europe, individual desires for travel and freedom, the upcoming discourse about the Second World War and the influence of the prevalent “counterculture” of that period, thus shedding a light on the formative years of European integration. (2024-02-06)
After the Second World War a number of friendship ties were established between towns in Europe. Citizens, council-officials and church representatives were looking for peace and prosperity in a still fragmented Europe. After a visit of the Royal Mens Choir Schiedam to Esslingen in 1963, representatives of Esslingen asked Schiedam to take part in friendly exchanges involving citizens and officials. The connections expanded and in 1970, in Esslingen, a circle of friends was established tying the towns Esslingen, Schiedam, Udine (IT) Velenje (SL) Vienne (F) and Neath together. Each town of this so called “Verbund der Ringpartnerstädte” had to keep in touch with at least 2 towns within the wider network. Friends in a Cold Climate looks primarily through the eyes the citizen-participant. Their motivation for taking part may vary. For example, is there a certain engagement with the European project? Did parents instil in their children a a message of fraternisation stemming from their experiences in WWII? Or did the participants only see youth exchange only as an opportunity for a trip to a foreign country? This latter motivation of taking part for other than Euro-idealistic reasons should however not be regarded as tourist or consumer-led behaviour. Following Michel de Certeau, Friends in a Cold Climate regards citizen-participants as a producers rather than as a consumers. A participant may "put to use" the Town Twinning facilities of travel and activities in his or her own way, regardless of the programme.
Integration of West-Europe after the Second World War was driven by a broad movement aimed at peace, security and prosperity. Organised youth exchange between European cities formed an important part of that movement. This research focuses on young people who, from the 1960s onwards, participated in international exchanges organised by twinned towns, also called jumelage. Friends in a Cold Climate asks about the interactions between young people while taking into account the organisational structures on a municipal level, The project investigates the role of the ideology of a united West-Europe, individual desires for travel and freedom, the upcoming discourse about the Second World War and the influence of the prevalent “counterculture” of that period, thus shedding a light on the formative years of European integration.
