Temperature was measured at 15-minute intervals between March 21 and September 17, 2022. The temperature dataset includes: (1) continuous measurements of air temperature from a control location in the Rio Grande Delta, and (2) a combination of air and water temperature from the Rio Grande Delta upstream of Elephant Butte Reservoir, as it became inundated by river flooding and high reservoir levels during a portion of the study. The temperature data were collected with HOBO Tidbit v2 Temp Loggers that were installed on wooden stakes two centimeters above the ground. The purpose of this data collection effort was to determine the amount of time the Rio Grande Delta floodplain was inundated by water to help constrain sedimentation rates.