This dataset comprises baseline information on the distribution, demography, and population genetics of Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages. Records include taxa from the phyla Cnidaria, Porifera, and Bryozoa, as well as the class Ascidiacea (Tunicata, Chordata). Data were compiled within CorMedNet database, an open-access collaborative platform aimed at supporting research and conservation of Mediterranean coralligenous habitats. Through a literature review, the CorMedNet database currently compiled 8575 georeferenced records representing local populations of 418 species, providing the most comprehensive database on the coralligenous habitat to date.