DHAV-1 is a highly infectious pathogen that can cause acute hepatitis in ducklings. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays an essential regulatory role in virus response. We characterized and compared miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in duck embryonic fibroblasts (DEF) and the liver of ducklings infected with DHAV-1. 130 and 72 differentially expressed (DE) miRNA (DEM),including 15 up-regulated DEM, 5 down-regulated DEM