This data set unites the individual data of the MOSAiC Airborne observations in the Central Arctic (MOSAiC-ACA) campaign, carried out in late summer 2020 northwest of Svalbard (Norway). The objective of MOSAiC-ACA was to study turbulent fluxes of energy and momentum in the Arctic boundary layer and low- and mid-level mixed-phase clouds and their role in Arctic amplification in the exit area of the research vessel Polarstern during the MOSAiC expedition. The research aircraft Polar 5 was equipped with active and passive remote sensing instruments, measurements for turbulent and radiative energy fluxes, insitu probes for cloud and aerosol particles, and dropsondes. In total, 10 research flights with 44 flight hours over the open ocean and the marginal sea ice zone have been performed between 30 August and 13 September 2020.