This dataset includes raw electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and corresponding behavioral responses collected from 38 adults (including 18 typical readers and 20 participants with dyslexia) during an auditory statistical learning experiment. The task was designed to investigate the neurophysiological tracking of syllable (at 3.3 Hz) and word (at 1.1 Hz) structures with or without statistical regularities. A recognition test was included to examine the participants’ memory of statistical structures. Data were recorded with 64 Ag/AgCl active electrodes at a sampling rate of 2500 Hz, using the actiCAP according to the 10/20 system, and a 24-bit battery-supplied Brainvision actiCHamp amplifier (Brain Products GmbH, Germany). A ground electrode was located on the forehead, and the reference electrode was FCz. The behavioral data are organized in txt format and linked to corresponding EEG trials via event codes and timestamps. All data are anonymized.