We investigated bacterial and fungal community structures in bulk and rhizosphere soils under cover cropping system. The cover crops were rye (R), hairy vetch (HV), and mixture of R and HV (M). Control (C) soil was the comparison. Fresh residue of the cover crops was incorporated in bulk soils, and then lettuce plants were cultivated on the treated soils and harvested at 15 days later. At the harvest time, bulk and rhizosphere (lettuce root zone) soils were collected for the DNA extraction, which was objected to the 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing.