Microbiome data can be used to identify the differences in the structure of the GM based on the differences in the abundance of GM microbes, and this analysis can be used to predict or annotate the differences in the functions of the GM. The metabolome is a direct reflection of the interaction between the GM and the host, and the two complement each other. Therefore, the combined analysis of the microbiome and metabolome can enable a better understanding of how the environment of the microbiome affects the metabolic state of the organ environment or host through microbial metabolism and microbial co-metabolism with the host. Therefore, we developed a hypothesis and designed a clinical trial. It was hypothesized that there are beneficial changes in the structure of the GM after the administration of drugs targeting OP. We enrolled 43 patients with OP and randomly divided them into two groups. They were given different treatments, and the GM was evaluated 3 months after treatment. Then, they were analyzed to explore the mechanism by which GM affects OP. It is expected to provide a new direction for the treatment of OP.