This data was collected for a study that aimed to evaluate the perceptions of Brazilian dental researchers of research integrity and open science practices, as well as their perceptions of how researchers are assessed for promotion, hiring, and receiving grants. In a self-administered online survey, the respondents were presented with 3 questions on researcher evaluation in Brazil. Additionally, for 25 academic activities or characteristics, researchers rated their perceived importance for (I) advancing career, (II) advancing science, (III) personal satisfaction, and (IV) social impact. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 2,179 dental researchers working in the graduate programs in dentistry in Brazil. 355 (16%) researchers completed the survey.