These are data on multiproxy landscape and vegetation history of the high-Arctic lake Tenndammen and the valley Colesdalen, Svalbard. About 700-year detailed reconstruction of the vegetation dynamics and environmental changes inferred. Multi-proxy environmental indicators were studied, e.g. the sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA), pollen, spores, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPP), plant macrofossil remains, lithology, sediment luminescence and biogeochemistry. Age control was performed with thirteen 14C dates, 9 of those were reversed. Taking into account sediment structure that shows clear layers without notable turbation or lamination, and using data on spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP), portable quartz optically stimulated luminescence (pOSL) and feldspar infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRSL), history of 15 lake floods and 8 drying events was described. In total, 156 plant taxa (91 high plants and 65 bryophyts) were registered in the past palaeofloras. Overall, sedaDNA, pollen and macrofossil analysis provided very well corresponding data, those potentially can contribute to improve the overall knowledge about past floras and environmental dynamics in Svalbard and show positive perspectives for multi-proxy approach in the Arctic palaeoecology.