Germination rate was calculated using a modified Timson's Index (TIm):SumG/t. This value was calculated by first obtaining average percent germination per 3-day interval, which was the maximum frequency that germinants were counted and removed from Petri plates. These averages were then summed as a progressive total of daily cumulative germination (SG) over the number of measurement increments in the trial period, which in this study was 12 (i.e. eleven 3-day increments and one 2-day increment). The resultant value was then divided by the total number of days in the germination trial period (t). n = 37 plots per treatment/site.