The product is generated in 2025. LPJ-GUESS is forced with hourly ERA5 climate datasets to simulate European terrestrial CO2 flux at a resolution of 0.5 degree. LPJ-GUESS is a process-based dynamic global vegetation model, it uses time series data (e.g. climate forcing and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations with WMO CO2 X2019 scale) as input to simulate the effects of environmental change on vegetation structure and composition in terms of EU plant functional types (PFTs), soil hydrology and biogeochemistry (Smith et al., 2001, https://web.nateko.lu.se/lpj-guess/). The model simulates natural vegetation, pasture, and cropland vegetation, with land cover data derived from LUH2. This means that the simulations account for land use and land-use change. The positive value means CO2 uptake from the atmosphere, and the negative value means CO2 release to the atmosphere.