These datasets of sediment core EN18224-4 from Lake Satagay (63°04'40.8N 117°59'52.8E), Central Yakutia, Russia, comprise the following data: (I) Radiocarbon age dating results by AWI MICADAS; (II) continuous macroscopic charcoal counts (> 150 µm), including the sum of particles per sample, their respective distributions in size classes (>150 µm, 300-500 µm, > 500 µm) and morphotype groups, as well as a low-resolution record of microscopic charcoal concentration from pollen slides (III) pollen and non-pollen palynomorph counts. The datasets have been described in more detail in the accompanying research paper. Metabarcoding results of sedimentary ancient DNA of terrestrial plants, also featured in the research paper, will be uploaded to the Dryad database (datadryad.org).