This is the  dataset corresponds to the research article 'From Fragments to Text and Ink: A Scientific and Historical Study of an Umayyad Qurʾān'. 

The article is published in npj Heritage Science as 

Sathiyamani, S., Fedeli, A., Marotta, G., Colini, C., 2025. From fragments to text and ink: a scientific and historical study of an Umayyad Qur’ān. npj Herit. Sci. 13, 478. https://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-025-02028-8

This dataset contains: 00_ preview image for illustration purposes

1. Analytical protocol for the three fragments (labelled, separately, Hs. 15a, b and c)

2. Reflectography data (labelled dino), featuring images acquired under UV (350 nm), Visible and Infrared (940 nm) illumination

3. XRF data for measurements carried out with Bruker Elio (40kV, 80 μA, 120s) and Bruker M6 Jetstream (50kV, 600 μA)

4. FTIR data for measurements carried out with Bruker Alpha II

5. Raman spectroscopy measurement carried out using a Renishaw inVia Raman spectrometer equipped with a 100 mW 532 nm laser and a 300 mW 785 nm laser and with a 100x objective. 

6. The parameters file describes the measuring conditions used.

The description of results as well as the corresponding origin file can be found in the respective folder of the technique used.

The data labelling follows the CSMC Artefact Profiling Lab Standardised System for the Labelling of Analytical Data  (https://doi.org/10.25592/uhhfdm.14853)

The research for this project was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy – EXC 2176 'Understanding Written Artefacts: Material, Interaction and Transmission in Manuscript Cultures', project no.390893796. The research was conducted within the scope of the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC) at Universität Hamburg.