This dataset contains benthic foraminiferal assemblage data, diversity indices, and geochemical proxy records from sediment core KB22-237-01MC-A (60.721°N, 5.061°E; 278 m water depth), collected during cruise KB22-237 aboard R/V Kristine Bonnevie in February 2022 from Lurefjorden, western Norway. The dataset includes benthic foraminiferal counts, relative abundances (%), absolute abundances (individuals g⁻¹ dry sediment), percentages of productivity-related taxa, Shannon–Wiener (H) and Dominance (D) diversity indices, loss-on-ignition (LOI550), and carbonate content (CaCO₃). The sediment record spans ca. the last 500 years, covering the period since ca. 1500 AD. The data were collected to reconstruct long-term changes in primary productivity, organic matter flux, and benthic ecosystem functioning in Lurefjorden, and to evaluate how regional climatic variability has influenced environmental conditions within a sill-restricted Norwegian fjord. Sediment cores were retrieved using a multicorer system and subsampled at 0.5 cm intervals. Benthic foraminifera were identified and counted in the >63 μm sediment fraction following standard micropaleontological procedures, while organic matter and carbonate contents were determined using loss-on-ignition analyses. The dataset provides a long-term record of benthic environmental variability and supports paleoenvironmental reconstructions of western Norwegian fjords.