The present study aims to investigate the effects of Perfluorolauric Acid on the gut microbiota community and physiological health of mice. The experiment was conducted by setting a control group and an experimental group , exposing mice to PFLA and observing changes in their gut microbiota community and physiological health indicators. The results showed that exposure to PFLA significantly altered the diversity of the gut microbiota in mice, as evidenced by NMDS, PCoA, and PCA analyses, indicating a clear change in microbial community structure between the PFLA group and the control group.