Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is a shade tolerant European conifer, distributed across temperate mountain areas (e.g. in France: Pyrenees, Massif Central, Alps, Jura, Vosges, Montagne de l'Aigle), at moderate elevations between 300 and 1800 meters above sea level. This monoecious, wind-pollinated species is self-compatible and has a mixed mating system, although it passively avoids self-fertilization (geitonogamy): female strobili (i.e. cones) are located within the top third of the crown, whereas male strobili (catkins) are located within the bottom two thirds of the crown. The dataset includes male and female reproductive yield (pollen and cone production), tree location, tree density, height, circumference and crown shape, quality of seeds (filled versus empty seeds and selfing rate), and seed weight of 148 silver fir trees from two marginal mountains in the south-eastern French Alps, Ventoux and Lure, monitored over a period of four years (2002-2005). This period includes year 2003, characterized by an intense summer heat wave in that part of France. The data also include selfing rate calculated using genotyping of chloroplast DNA (microsatellites) as explained in the PhD thesis of G. Restoux (2009). The data can be used to test the effect of environmental drivers on selfing and female reproductive success and shed light on the evolution of mixed mating in plants. The data are in file "Data_selfing" and the description of the dataset contents is in file "MetaData_Selfing_En" for the English version of the metadata and in file "MetaData_Selfing_Fr" for the French version.