This dataset contains experimental data associated with the publication "Unveiling the potential abuse liability of α-D2PV: A novel α-carbon phenyl-substituted synthetic cathinone" (Nadal-Gratacós et al., Neuropharmacology, 2025). The study aimed to investigate the pharmacological and behavioral effects of α-D2PV in rodents, assessing its potential for abuse through neurochemical analyses, locomotor activity assays, conditioned place preference tests and self-administration paradigm. The dataset includes results from in vivo microdialysis (dopamine and serotonin release), other behavioral tests ( thigmotaxis), and drug dosage information. It serves to support the reproducibility of the findings and to facilitate further research on synthetic cathinones and their abuse potential.