Dataset from the article by T. Armand, S. Boissinot, A. Maia-Grondard, P. Hugueney, V. Brault, and Q. Chesnais entitled "Beet chlorosis virus infection mitigates aphid-induced plant defenses and improves plant acceptability to aphid vectors" from CASDAR project (grant number C-2019-01). In this study, we demonstrate that BChV infection suppresses sugar beet defenses induced by aphid pre-infestation, enhancing plant acceptability for aphids. Specifically, gene expression analyses revealed a downregulation of the aphid-induced ethylene pathway in infected plants, along with alterations in the salicylic acid pathway that may benefit aphids. Metabolic profiling highlighted reduced levels of phenolic acids, including cinnamic and coumaric acids, in virus-infected plants which likely contribute to increased plant acceptability by aphids.