Summary 70 cases of residents from two groups (community-based and hospital based specialties) during 10 years of appeals were compared on factors potentially associated with the outcome of the conciliation board decision regarding the residents’ dismissal. The study focused on remediation strategies applied, and reasons reported to dismiss and remediation strategies (formal remediation plans) per CANMEDS Competency. Research QuestionsWhich reasons for residents’ dismissal were reported by program directors in conciliation board (RGS-GC) cases? Which resident’s remediation strategies were described prior to dismissal? Were there any differences between two types of training programs, with regard to remediation strategies, dismissal rates, and success rates of residents’ appeals, and if so, which characteristics might be associated with these differences?