This dataset contains records of planktic foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber) stable oxygen isotopes, and Mg/Ca-derived and alkenone-derived sea surface temperature estimates of gravity cores GeoB22229-1 (15.46°S, 145.91°E, water depth 1443 m) and GeoB22230-1 (15.44°S, 145.87°E, water depth 968 m), which were retrieved during the R/V SONNE expedition SO-256 in the Coral Sea, offshore NE Australia. The combined records of the two cores cover the last glacial-interglacial cycle. Age control points (AMS 14C ages and tie points based on the alignment of the stable oxygen isotope record to the benthic stack of Lisiecki and Stern (2016; doi:10.1002/2016PA003002)) are provided as well.