This dataset bibliography collects all radar data acquired with AWI's radio-echo sounding (RES) systems (airborne and ground-based) since 1994. An overview of acquired data is available from the radar data viewer in the German marine data portal https://marine-data.de/viewer/d181f76f-fa15-44c9-8452-07540c72e0be. The radar data viewer provides metadata of flights for various systems operated by AWI as well as selected other institutions and downloadable quicklooks of the radar data.

Links to the PANGAEA data repository are available for those radar data which were already published within PANGAEA. Details of the radar systems and radar data properties are provided in the respective PANGAEA entry and the following publications:- EMR: The Electromagnetic Reflection System (EMR) is a radar-based measuring system used to determine ice thicknesses in polar regions up to 4 km thick. The vertical resolution is 5 m, the resolution in flight direction is 3.25 m. The radar signal itself is a 150 MHz burst with a signal length of 60 ns or 600 ns. The maximum power is 1.6 kW with a sensitivity of 190 dB (Nixdorf et al., 1999).- UWB: The multi-channel ultra-wideband (UWB) radar, also referred to AWI UWB RDS/I (radar sounders and imagers) was developed by the Centre of Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) at the University of Kansas in collaboration with AWI (Hale et al., 2016; Arnold et al., 2019). The 150–600 MHz bandwidth offers an improved vertical resolution in ice of up to 0.35 m and supports up to eight transmit channels and 24 receive channels. The large number of channels results in the highest transmit power as well as the best cross-track resolution out of all the radar sounders and imagers systems (Arnold et al., 2019), enabling high-resolution sounding as well as swath tomography (Franke, 2021 - https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/54708/).- UWB/M: The ultrawideband microwave radar (UWB/M) is a 2–18-GHz airborne FMCW radar developed by CReSIS at the University of Kansas. Since 2009, different versions of the Snow Radar have been operated as part of Operation Ice Bridge to measure snow depth on sea ice. Since 2015 a similar radar was deployed on the AWI IceBird airborne sea-ice campaigns as well as on some land ice airborne surveys (Yan et al., 2017 - doi:10.1109/MGRS.2017.2663325) (Juttila, 2022 - https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/55851/)- Snow Radar: The radar system is a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) system in the frequency range of 8–12 GHz developed by the TU Hamburg-Harburg- Accumulation Radar: The radar system is a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) system in the frequency range of 400–800 MHz TU Hamburg-Harburg (Jennett & Steinhage, 2011)- ASIRAS: ASIRAS is an airborne SAR-altimeter instrument of ESA in preparation for CryoSat validations campaigns. The objectives are to increase the confidence level in the expected instrument performance and to validate the measurement/processing concepts prior to the CryoSat implementation and launch—and to use the instrument after the spaceborne mission launch in underflights during the commissioning phase of the CryoSat mission for calibration validation analysis. (https://www.eoportal.org/other-space-activities/asiras) (Helm, 2008 - https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/21153/)External systems:- BAS: data provided by the Polar Airborne Geophysics Data Portal (https://www.bas.ac.uk/project/nagdp/) (Fr̩émand et al., 2022 - doi:10.5194/essd-14-3379-2022)- CReSIS: data provided by the Open Polar Radar data portal (CReSIS. 2024. Lawrence, Kansas, USA. Digital Media. https://data.cresis.ku.edu/)