This dataset presents a comprehensive inventory of glacial lakes in the Caucasus region, compiled from remote sensing data acquired in 2025. The Caucasus is a hotspot of glacier retreat and associated glacial lake development, where the formation and expansion of glacial lakes pose increasing risks of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) to downstream communities and infrastructure.All lakes were mapped using satellite imagery (Sentinel-2) acquired during the 2025 ablation season. Lake boundaries were delineated manually to ensure accuracy, particularly for complex lake geometries and ice-contacting margins.

The dataset covers: Geographic identification: unique geographic coordinates (latitude/longitude in WGS84 decimal degrees, and auxiliary UTM coordinates), elevation, lake name, country, region, and river basin. Morphometric characteristics: lake area (m²), lake perimeter (m), and lake volume (m³).* GLOF hazard assessment (except for the extraglacial ones): integrated hazard classification (high, moderate, low), documented GLOF occurrence, dates, trigger mechanisms, consequences, and literature sources.All lakes were mapped using satellite imagery (Sentinel-2) acquired during the 2025 ablation season. Lake boundaries were delineated manually to ensure accuracy, particularly for complex lake geometries and ice-contacting margins.The dataset is intended to support research on glacier-lake interactions, GLOF hazard assessment, and water resource management in the Caucasus. It provides a baseline for monitoring future lake changes and contributes to regional disaster risk reduction efforts.The lake hazard assessment is based on six criteria, each assigned a certain number of points. The total score determines the overall hazard level.Distance to glacier (m)– ≤200 m: 2 points– 200-500 m: 1 point– >500 m: 0 pointsDam material– Ice, moraine with ice: 2 points– Moraine: 1 point– Moraine and bedrock, bedrock and rockbar: 0 pointsSurface outflow– Present: 0 points– Absent: 1 pointShore Collapse Hazard– Landslide/rockfall hazard: 1 point– No hazard: 0 pointsArea (m²)– ≥20 000: 2 points– 10 000-20 000: 1 point– 25: 0 pointsThe total score is summed across all six criteria, and the hazard level is determined as follows:High hazard (1): total score >6 pointsModerate hazard (2): total score 3-5 pointsLow hazard (3): total score ≤2 points