Wollongong, Australia is an urban site at the intersection of anthropogenic, biomass burning, biogenic and marine sources of atmospheric trace gases. The location offers a valuable opportunity to study drivers of atmospheric composition in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, a record of surface carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was measured with an in situ Fourier transform infrared trace gas analyser between April 2011 and August 2014. Clean air was found to arrive at Wollongong in approximately 10% of air masses. Biomass burning influence was evident in the average annual cycle of clean air CO during austral spring. A significant negative short-term trend was found in clean air CO (-1.5 nmol/mol/a), driven by a reduction in northern Australian biomass burning. Significant short-term positive trends in clean air CH4 (5.4 nmol/mol/a) and CO2 (1.9 µmol/mol/a) were consistent with the long-term global average trends. Polluted Wollongong air was investigated using wind-direction/wind-speed clustering, which revealed major influence from local urban and industrial sources from the south. High values of CH4, with anthropogenic DCH4/DCO2 enhancement ratio signatures, originated from the northwest, in the direction of local coal mining. A pollution climatology was developed for the region using back trajectory analysis and DO3/DCO enhancement ratios. Ozone production environments in austral spring and summer were associated with anticyclonic meteorology on the east coast of Australia, while ozone depletion environments in autumn and winter were associated with continental transport, or fast moving trajectories from southern latitudes. This implies the need to consider meteorological conditions when developing policies for controlling air quality.

Measurements of CO, CH4, and CO2 combined from two in situ FTIR trace gas analysers at the University of Wollongong, Australia (34.406 deg S, 150.879 deg E). Selected meteorological parameters (pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction) are also included, measured by a Davis weather station instrument. Records span April 2011 to August 2014, averaged every 10 minutes. Measurements have been calibrated to global scales: CO to NOAA/CMDL, CH4 to NOAA04 and CO2 to WMOX2007.

Supplement to: Buchholz, Rebecca R; Paton-Walsh, Clare; Griffith, David W T; Kubistin, Dagmar; Caldow, Christopher; Fisher, Jenny A; Deutscher, Nicholas M; Kettlewell, Graham; Riggenbach, Martin; Macatangay, Ronald; Krummel, Paul B; Langenfelds, Ray L (2016): Source and meteorological influences on air quality (CO, CH4 & CO2) at a Southern Hemisphere urban site. Atmospheric Environment, 126, 274-289