The dataset derives from marine sediment core KC-13, recovered from the central Aegean Sea, Greece (38°14.6012′ N, 25°06.2470′ E; 652 m water depth), during the OTE-2019 expedition (HCMR, R/V Aegaeo). It comprises strontium (Sr) and neodymium (Nd) isotope data of terrigenous sediment fraction to provide insights into the main source areas of terrigenous material. Sample preparation was performed at the Laboratori d'Isòtops Radiògenics i Ambientals (LIRA, Universitat de Barcelona), an ISO 7 clean laboratory equipped with ISO 5 workstation. Neodymium (Nd) and Strontium (Sr) isotopes were measured at the Centres Científics Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiT-UB) using a Plasma 3 Multi Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (Ametek Nu instruments).