This data set provides the collocated data of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at 9 bands extracted from the merged ocean color products from GlobColour archive (https://www.globcolour.info/), satellite sea surface temperature from CMEMS (https://marine.copernicus.eu/), and chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl-a) derived from a global database of in situ HPLC pigment data collected from 2002 to 2012. The total Chl-a, Chl-a of six phytoplankton functional types (PFTs) that are diatoms, dinoflagellates, haptophytes, green algae, prokaryotes and Prochlorococcus, and two fractions of prokaryotes and Prochlorococcus are included in this data set. PFT Chl-a and fractions are derived using an updated diagnostic pigment analysis (DPA) method (Soppa et al., 2014; Losa et al., 2017), that was originally developed by Vidussi et al. (2001), adapted in Uitz et al. (2006) and further refined by Hirata et al. (2011) and Brewin et al. (2015). Matchups of satellite Rrs to in situ PFT data (which were also matchups to SST) were extracted from global 4-km daily merged products. Extraction and averaging protocol including quality control were described in detail in Xi et al. (2020).