We present analytical single-grain data and calculated thermochronometric ages from three low-temperature thermochronology systems applied to bedrock samples collected from the North Pamir–South Tianshan convergence zone in northwestern China. This dataset comprises 204 apatite (U–Th)/He (AHe) analyses (Table S1), 49 zircon (U–Th)/He (ZHe) analyses (Table S2), and 14 apatite fission-track (AFT) analyses (Table S3) obtained from samples collected during field campaigns in 2022. Sampling transects span the entire convergence zone, from the Pamir hinterland and foreland to the South Tianshan foreland and hinterland, capturing spatial variations in exhumation and deformation across this active intracontinental orogen. The thermochronometric data were acquired to investigate the timing and spatial patterns of late Cenozoic exhumation and deformation associated with Pamir–Tianshan convergence.