The radar system on board of Polarstern features a rotating antenna that is mounted on the observation deck, above the bridge. The antenna transmit microwave pulses at short intervals, which are reflected back to the radar system by the water or pack ice. This produces an image of the positions of ice floes within a radius of 3 nautical miles (ca. 5,4 km) and their sizes in relation to the ship. The imaging technique offers an undiminished view and remains unaffected by weather or darkness, i.e., it can penetrate rain clouds and fog and therefore offers an undiminished view even at night. The sector without information is blogged by ship facilities.The RV Polarstern's marine radar systems operated throughout the drift phase of MOSAiC. The imaging system, which shows Polarstern in the centre of the screen, offers vital information on floe movements, deformation and formation of cracks in the ship's immediate vicinity.