Marine heatwaves inevitably affect the sustainability of marine life and fisheries, including commercially important fish Seriola dumerili. However, little is known about how these fish respond to marine heatwaves stress at the molecular level. Our study examined the gene changes and biological processes of S. dumerili response to short-lasting and repeatedly-occurring marine heatwaves. This study provides the scientific foundation for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of S. dumerili for marine heatwaves.