The dataset derives from marine sediment core KC-13, recovered from the central Aegean Sea, Greece (38°14.6012′ N; 25°06.2470′ E; 652 m water depth), during the OTE-2019 expedition (HCMR, R/V Aegaeo). It comprises XRF elemental ratios including Ca/Ti, Ti/Al, Ba/Al, Br/Ti. Major and minor elemental compositions of the sediments were determined using an Avaatech XRF core scanner at the CORELAB (Universitat de Barcelona, Spain). High-resolution XRF-core scanning measurements were performed at 10kV, 30kV and 50kV at every 1 cm.