The dataset presents the CO2 emission results from a lab incubation study during 358-day at 10, 20, and 30°C. The soil was collected from a long-term fertilization trail set-up since 1986.

Supplement to: Zang, Huadong; Blagodatskaya, Evgenia; Wen, Yuan; Shi, Lingling; Cheng, J F; Chen, Haiqing; Zhao, Bingqiang; Zhang, Fusuo; Fan, Mingsheng; Kuzyakov, Yakov (accepted): Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter mineralization decreases with long‐term N fertilization: Evidence from four Q₁₀ estimation approaches. Land Degradation & Development